Thunderstorm off the Coast 

Simon de Vlieger painted ‘Thunderstorm off the Coast’ in the mid-17th century, capturing a dramatic scene in oil on canvas. In the 1600s, the Dutch Republic was at its height as a maritime power. These so-called 'sea battles' became a popular genre. De Vlieger masterfully depicts not just the storm's visual intensity, but also its emotional impact on those at sea. Notice the boats struggling against the waves, and the looming, turbulent sky. This wasn’t simply about recording a likeness. It was about the power of nature over human endeavor. De Vlieger was part of a culture grappling with its relationship to the sea, both as a source of prosperity and a site of danger. Understanding this painting means looking at sources that tell us about Dutch maritime history, weather patterns, and even the personal accounts of sailors. Each of these resources help reveal the complex conversation between art and society.