Bishop Saint in Bust-Length (Cartoon for an Altarpiece) 1529 - 1530

Parmigianino made this drawing in the first half of the 16th century as a preparatory study for a painted altarpiece. Although the altarpiece was never realised, this so-called cartoon gives us valuable insights into the artistic practices of the Italian Renaissance. Parmigianino was working in a world that was profoundly shaped by institutions. The Catholic Church dominated all aspects of social life, and art was primarily produced for religious purposes. Artists operated within a complex patronage system and drawings like this one offered clients a preview of a finished work. Parmigianino was at the forefront of Mannerism, a style that challenged Renaissance naturalism. By exaggerating the saint's features, such as his long beard, he infused the drawing with emotional intensity. The image reflects the changing role of the artist. Rather than being a mere craftsman, he was an intellectual who could imbue his work with personal expression. Understanding the social and institutional context is crucial to interpreting works of art. Examining letters, contracts, and other archival material allows us to shed light on the conditions that shaped the creation of this drawing.