Scholar by Zhang Fengyi

drawing, tempera, paper, hanging-scroll, ink, color-on-paper

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portrait

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drawing

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tempera

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asian-art

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landscape

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paper

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hanging-scroll

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ink

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color-on-paper

Curator: Zhang Fengyi's "Scholar," dated 1630, a hanging scroll using ink and color on paper, strikes me with its delicate rendering. What do you make of it? Editor: It feels so serene. The lone figure with the crane… What is the story here? How should we understand this? Curator: Consider the materials. Ink, color on paper… these were readily available but required intense skill. How does that impact the work's reception, do you think? Its status? Editor: Because it's a 'hanging scroll,' would that impact how someone might access the artwork and experience it? Curator: Exactly. It suggests private contemplation, a cultivated setting, away from public clamor. The production of these scrolls often involved multiple artisans. Are we truly looking at the singular genius of one artist, or a collaboration fueled by workshops and established techniques? Editor: That challenges the traditional idea of the "lone genius" artist! It implies a whole support system contributing to the artwork. Curator: Indeed. Now, look closely at the pigments. How might their sourcing and trade routes played a role in shaping the aesthetic we admire today? Think about the labor involved in preparing these materials. Editor: I hadn't thought about it like that! It makes me see the work as less about individual expression and more about a collective effort influenced by material realities and constraints. I guess there's a huge commercial machine and material culture behind it. Curator: Precisely. These materials tell a richer story about the artist's work. They show social conditions, too, by highlighting the skilled labor behind such imagery. It changes how we understand art. Editor: I'll definitely look at artworks differently from now on! This conversation highlighted material conditions and craftsmanship, expanding the notion of artistic creation for me.

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minneapolisinstituteofart's Profile Picture
minneapolisinstituteofart about 1 year ago

The importance of literati circles is emphasized in this collaborative 17th century painting. According to the inscriptions, the rendition of a scholar, crane, and banana tree was created as a gift for the scholar Xizhi by seven different literati artists. Five scholars have painted a separate element emblematic of literati values, signed their names and affixed their personal seals. The colophones were added by friends Wen Congjian and Shao Mi. The literaus is shown in typical Ming period scholars robe, enjoying nature in the presence of a crane, the Daoist symbol of longevity. Intellectual circles were very important to China's scholar class. Composed of highly educated government officials, teachers, writers, painters, poets, and philosophers, they were important social and cultural networks. Matteo Ricci was befriended soon after his arrival in China in 1582 by influential members of China's scholar class. The cartographer official, Wang Ban, and "certain scholars of Guangdong were the first to suggest that Ricci make a map of his travels. Other scholar friends, including the officials Wu Zuohei and Li Wocun, the astrologer, Li Yingshi, and Xu Guangqi who worked with Ricci in translating the Confucian classics. These men respected Ricci as an intellectual, an accomplished man of science and letters, who they were willing to promote and invite into their circles.

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