Henry Miller as Spanish Peasant, from the set Actors and Actresses, Second Series (N71) for Duke brand cigarettes 1888 - 1890

This chromolithograph of Henry Miller as a Spanish peasant was created by W. Duke, Sons & Co. The image presents Miller in what appears to be stage costume. It features a pointed hat, reminiscent of those worn by jesters or figures in carnivals. The hat, adorned with pom-poms, immediately suggests festivity, perhaps even folly. The pointed hat has appeared throughout history, and is associated with the commedia dell'arte. In this context, we see a connection to playful mockery, or perhaps a commentary on social roles. Note the vibrant use of red, a color often associated with passion, energy, but also warning. These motifs reappear in Renaissance paintings and even ancient Roman frescoes. Think about how such imagery, embedded in our cultural memory, can evoke immediate, often subconscious, emotional responses. As we trace this symbol’s journey through time, we observe its remarkable capacity to adapt and transform, reflecting the ever-evolving human experience. The non-linear, cyclical progression of this symbol resurfaces, evolves, and takes on new meanings in different historical contexts.