Studies of Animal Heads 1835 - 1840

Thomas Cole’s “Studies of Animal Heads” is an oil painting, created at an unknown date. Notice how Cole uses the materiality of oil paint to give these animals a tangible presence. The thickness and texture of the paint create a sense of depth and dimension, while the limited color palette of browns and blacks adds to the earthiness of the subject matter. As an artist working in the 19th century, Cole engaged with the traditional medium of oil paint, a craft that had been refined over centuries. But here, he isn't creating a polished, finished artwork; he's producing a study. The layering of brushstrokes and the blending of tones give the animals a lifelike quality, as if they were emerging from the shadows. By focusing on these domestic animals – sheep, cattle – Cole draws our attention to the relationship between humans and the natural world, as well as the labor that is involved in agriculture. Ultimately, the way that Cole uses oil paint challenges traditional distinctions between fine art and craft, reminding us of the importance of materials and making in understanding the full meaning of an artwork.