Madonna and Child c. 1480

This 'Madonna and Child', made by an anonymous artist, is rendered in brown ink on paper. The artist likely used a quill or fine brush to create the intricate lines, resulting in a dense, almost fabric-like texture across the surface. The ink's inherent qualities – its fluidity and capacity to stain the paper – are integral to the artwork's appearance. The visual effect emphasizes the patient, repetitive gestures involved in its creation. The artwork has social significance, reflecting the deep-rooted religious beliefs that underpinned much artistic production. The techniques, tools, and skilled traditions engaged here belong to a lineage of devotional art. But it's clear that there was an enormous amount of work involved in the production process. It reminds us that making, materials, and context are key to fully understanding an artwork, challenging distinctions between fine art and craft.