Mercury (Hermes), Juno (?) Mars, and a group of figures below (shepherds, musicians) 1635 - 1645

This anonymous print depicts Mercury, Juno(?), and Mars above a group of shepherds and musicians. Though its origin is unknown, the image, rendered in ink on paper, reflects the cultural fascination with classical mythology, prevalent in Europe from the Renaissance onwards. The grouping of figures likely draws on established visual codes for representing power dynamics and social hierarchies. Note the positioning of the Roman gods above mere mortals, suggesting divine authority over earthly affairs. What might this say about the function of art at that time? Did it re-enforce class structure? Was it didactic? The presence of shepherds and musicians hints at pastoral themes, a popular subject among elite audiences seeking idealized representations of rural life. Understanding the social conditions that shaped artistic production requires further research, perhaps into emblem books or festival culture. By examining such resources, we can begin to unravel the complex relationship between artistic representation, social ideology, and institutional power.