Portret van Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, hertog van Alva 1569

This print of Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva, was made by Niccolo Nelli using an engraving technique. It’s a process where lines are incised into a metal plate, which is then inked and printed. The real artistry here is in the sheer density of those engraved lines. Look closely, and you will notice that the varying thickness and proximity create the shading and texture that define the Duke’s features and armor. This wasn't a quick sketch; it was clearly a labor-intensive undertaking, demanding immense skill. The choice of engraving speaks volumes. Unlike a quick drawing, the permanence of the incised line mirrors the Duke’s own aspirations for lasting power and authority. The print medium itself also allowed for wider circulation, disseminating his image and influence. So, in appreciating this work, remember that it’s not just about the Duke himself, but the complex interplay of material, making, and political ambition.