Hercules Fighting the Nemean Lion after 1507

Giovanni Antonio da Brescia made this print, Hercules Fighting the Nemean Lion, in the early 16th century. It’s made from ink on paper, an everyday material. The process of creating it involved engraving an image into a metal plate, inking it, and then pressing it onto paper, transferring the design. Look at the texture. The lines define the forms, giving a sense of depth and musculature to Hercules, and a wildness to the lion’s mane. The engraving process requires a deep understanding of light and shadow to create the illusion of three dimensions on a flat surface. Prints like this were relatively affordable. They made art accessible to a wider audience. Brescia's print speaks to the rise of a more democratized art market, driven by the mechanics of reproduction and distribution. The work involved in making a print like this is considerable. But, this painstaking effort is critical to understanding its full significance. It challenges the traditional hierarchy between the unique artwork and the mass-produced object.