Miniature Album of Ten Paintings c. late 19th century

This album of ten paintings was made by Yamazoe Kakken, though we don’t have an exact date for when it was created. Kakken worked in the tradition of Japanese calligraphy, in which the skill of handwriting is elevated to an art form. Calligraphy has a deep social history in Japan. For centuries, it was closely associated with the ruling elite, as literacy was often a privilege of the upper classes. Monks, Samurai, and court officials were among the most prominent practitioners of the art. Over time calligraphy became more widespread, as systems of education were established. It also became associated with the expression of personal character. The practice of calligraphy served an important role in the construction of social identity. By studying the history of education, religion, and politics in Japan, we can gain a richer understanding of the cultural meanings of calligraphy. The interpretation of art relies on an understanding of its social and institutional context.