Portret van een onbekende man, mogelijk C.R. Merkus Possibly 1859

This undated portrait, possibly of C.R. Merkus, was made by Johann Peter Berghaus using lithography. This printmaking technique involves drawing with a greasy substance on a flat stone, then applying ink which adheres only to the drawn areas. The print is then made by pressing paper against the stone. Lithography democratized image-making in the 19th century, allowing for relatively quick and inexpensive reproductions. This portrait exemplifies the technique's capacity for detail, evident in the fine lines that define the sitter's features and clothing. Berghaus demonstrates mastery of tonal variation, creating depth and texture through subtle gradations of ink. The lithographic process also speaks to broader social issues of labor and consumption. Unlike traditional painting, which requires individual artistic skill and time, lithography facilitated mass production and distribution of images. By embracing this technology, Berghaus participated in a shift towards industrialization and the commodification of art, challenging traditional distinctions between fine art and craft.