Filips II, koning van Spanje 1598

This is a medal of Philip II, King of Spain, made by an anonymous artist. Here, Philip II is shown with a scepter, a classic symbol of royal authority and divine right, echoing ancient Roman emperors and medieval monarchs. On the other side, we see a crown resting above a city. Consider the scepter; it's more than just a fancy stick. This symbol has appeared since antiquity, from the staffs of pharaohs to the batons of military leaders. The scepter represents power, justice, and the right to rule. Note how the scepter and crown echo each other, each is a different manifestation of power, yet each depends on the other to rule. The image is a psychological assertion. By associating himself with such long-standing symbols of authority, Philip II aimed to project an image of unshakeable power and legitimacy, tapping into a deep-seated human need for order and leadership. These symbols are not static; they evolve, adapt, and are re-contextualized to reflect changing political landscapes.