Four Character Heads of Boys and Men of Different Ages c. 1635 - 1650

Carlo Biffi produced this print of four character heads in the 17th century using engraving. The image presents studies of the expressive possibilities of the human face, likely inspired by classical sources and the Renaissance interest in physiognomy – the idea that one could read inner character from outward appearance. It was a time of growing scientific interest in the human body, yet also one where traditional ideas about social hierarchy remained strong. Produced in Italy, a region then characterized by powerful families, the image plays with visual codes of age, class, and temperament. Consider the elaborate headwear, which indicates the status of the wearer, while the contrast in ages may allude to dynastic succession. To fully appreciate this work, one might delve into emblem books popular at the time. The historian's role is to uncover these layers of meaning, reminding us that art is always a product of its time.