Apostel Filippus 1616 - 1636

This is a print of the Apostle Philip made by Nicolaes Ryckmans, a Netherlandish printmaker working in the early 17th century. As a print, this image was likely created for wide distribution and sale, indicating a public desire for this type of religious imagery. Philip is shown carrying a cross, which is a visual code referencing his martyrdom. The halo signifies his sainthood, and the gaze upwards may be interpreted as a connection to God, but the direct and rather severe look on his face suggests a call to action. The Low Countries, now Belgium and the Netherlands, were caught up in religious and political turmoil at this time, divided between Catholic and Protestant factions, and struggling for independence from Spain. Prints were used as a means of political and religious propaganda. The figure of Philip can be seen as representing both religious devotion and political resistance. Further research into Dutch printmaking during this period could provide more insight into the cultural and political function of this image.