Crucifixion of Apostle Matthew, AD 70 1684

Jan Luyken created this etching, "Crucifixion of Apostle Matthew, AD 70" using an engraving technique. The eye is immediately drawn to the stark contrast between the light figures and the dark, etched lines. The composition is divided diagonally, with the left showing an ambiguous crowd, and the right dominated by the gruesome crucifixion scene. The figures throwing stones create dynamic, almost chaotic lines that contrast with the static verticality of the cross. Luyken employs a semiotic language, using the cross as a symbol of religious martyrdom and the stones as a signifier of violent rejection. The artist challenges conventional representations of sanctity by portraying a scene of brutal execution. The etching's strength lies in its ability to destabilize established meanings, prompting the viewer to question the boundaries between devotion and barbarity. The rough, uneven texture of the etched lines adds to the disquieting effect, underscoring the artwork's critical commentary on religious violence and power.