The Fall of the Rebel Angels (detail) 1530

Domenico Beccafumi created this oil on wood panel, “The Fall of the Rebel Angels,” some time in the first half of the 16th century. The work deals with the very popular theme of the deposition of Christ after the crucifixion. The dead Christ in Beccafumi's painting appears to be resting rather than lying in death, the wound in his side barely visible, thus creating a meaning through visual and cultural associations with the Christian faith. During the 16th century in Italy, the Catholic Church was the most important source of artistic patronage. In cities such as Siena, the Church played a central role in social life. As such, religious imagery saturated the visual culture, not only in churches but also in private homes. Works like Beccafumi's small panel served to affirm the authority of the Church and to encourage personal piety among believers. Looking at the broader history of images and institutions helps us to understand the role of this painting. We can explore the significance of this work by considering its initial location, the role of its patron, and the viewers who engaged with it.