Descent into Hell 1644 - 1652

Wenceslaus Hollar created this etching called Descent into Hell sometime in the 17th century. Hollar, born in Prague, lived through a tumultuous period marked by the Thirty Years' War, a conflict deeply rooted in religious and political divisions across Europe. This work is a visual critique of the Catholic Church, particularly the papacy. The print depicts a scene of chaos and suffering, symbolizing Hell as "the Pope’s kitchen". Hollar challenges the Church's authority, especially its sale of indulgences, which promised to reduce the time souls spent in purgatory. These "pardons" are tied above the gates of hell. The emotional impact is palpable, with figures in distress emphasizing the corruption Hollar perceived within the Church. This piece captures the intense religious and political debates of Hollar's time. It serves as a potent reminder of how art can become a powerful tool to express dissent and challenge established power structures, reflecting deep-seated anxieties and calls for reform.