"Orangutans" from The Complete Works of Béranger 1836

J. J. Grandville created this print, "Orangutans," as part of an illustrated edition of the works of the popular French songwriter Béranger. Here, Grandville offers a satirical commentary on French society during the July Monarchy (1830-1848). The image presents a stark contrast: above, orangutans are caged and observed, while below, a crowd of elegantly dressed people watch. The artist uses the animal figures as a mirror, reflecting the perceived absurdity and animalistic nature of human behavior, specifically targeting the bourgeoisie. Grandville's work frequently appeared in the illustrated press, where it challenged social norms and political figures through caricature. The print gains further meaning when considering institutional histories and the power dynamics inherent in observing and classifying beings, be they animal or human. To fully appreciate Grandville's satire, one can delve into studies of the French press, social histories of the July Monarchy, and critical analyses of anthropomorphism in art. Art, after all, is rarely made in a vacuum; it's a product of its time, shaped by and commenting on the world around it.