Francesco I d'Este Builds the Fortresses of Modena for the Security of his People, from L'Idea di un Principe ed Eroe Cristiano in Francesco I d'Este, di Modena e Reggio Duca VIII [...] 1659

Bartolomeo Fenice’s 1659 etching, "Francesco I d'Este Builds the Fortresses of Modena for the Security of his People," depicts Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio, inspecting fortifications. In the foreground, the duke stands amidst his advisors, pointing to a map of the fortress. The composition emphasizes the duke’s role in the city’s defense and reflects the ideals of the era, with a focus on the leadership of a "Christian Prince" and the responsibility of a ruler to protect their people. The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City houses this historical artwork, highlighting the military strategy and architectural achievements of Francesco I d'Este, contributing to the understanding of the 17th-century Italian Renaissance.