Oude man bij haardvuur kijkt terug op zijn leven 1855

This print, "Old Man by the Hearth Recalling His Life," was made by Célestin Nanteuil in the mid-19th century, using the process of lithography. Lithography, unlike engraving, is a planographic process, meaning that the image is neither incised nor in relief. Instead, the artist draws on a flat stone or metal plate with a greasy crayon, then applies ink, which adheres only to the drawn areas. This allows for a wide range of tonal effects, as you can see in the hazy visions of the past swirling above the old man's head. Consider the social context of this image. Lithography emerged as a relatively inexpensive means of mass production, enabling artists like Nanteuil to reach a broad audience. It's a democratic medium in a way, reflecting the changing social landscape of the 19th century and challenging the traditional hierarchy of art. Nanteuil has used this medium to explore themes of memory, aging, and the human condition. And in doing so, reminds us that even in mass production, there is room for personal expression.