De Chinese generaal Kuan Shêng (Tenyûsei Daitô Kanshô) c. 1827

Yashima Gakutei created this woodblock print of the Chinese general Kuan Shêng, a figure of martial prowess, sometime before 1868. Dominating the composition is the formidable weapon, the guandao, which is associated with Kuan Shêng and symbolizes military power. The guandao’s curved blade and imposing size are reminiscent of similar weapons across cultures— from the falx of ancient Thrace to medieval glaives. Weapons like these aren’t merely tools of war, but potent symbols of authority and might. Note how the general sits calmly, in stark contrast to the guandao resting beside him. This juxtaposition might be perceived as a reflection on the duality of human nature, the balance between intellect and action, or perhaps a deeper psychological commentary on the controlled aggression necessary for leadership. Symbols such as these traverse time and space, evolving in form yet retaining the primal connection to humanity’s complex relationship with power and conflict.