Landscape (recto); Landscape (verso) 1489 - 1490

Pietro Perugino made this landscape drawing with black chalk, heightened with white, on grey paper. The support is key here. While we might think of drawing as a preliminary stage to painting, in the Renaissance, it was also understood as its own form of refined artistry. Paper, available in diverse tones and textures, allowed for nuanced effects of light and shadow, which Perugino exploits to full effect. Notice how the chalk is layered to create depth, suggesting the rolling hills and clusters of trees. The artist's hand is evident in the delicate strokes and smudging, achieving a subtle atmospheric perspective. While the materials are relatively humble, the skill involved is considerable. Perugino’s artistic tradition involves drafting, craft, and fine arts, demonstrating that the most important aspect of his work is in its production process. The drawing demonstrates how “lowly” materials like paper and chalk can reach the status of high art. By focusing on material, process, and context, we can appreciate the full meaning of this seemingly simple, beautiful work.