Seascape. Storm at Sea 

Simon de Vlieger painted this oil on canvas, *Seascape. Storm at Sea,* around the mid-17th century. It dramatically captures the perils of the sea, a theme that resonated deeply in the Netherlands during its Golden Age of maritime power. The painting creates meaning through its turbulent depiction of nature, reflecting the precarious relationship the Dutch had with the sea. The low horizon line, a common feature in Dutch landscapes, emphasizes the overwhelming presence of the storm. The cultural reference to the sea is potent: it was both a source of wealth and a constant threat. Consider the social conditions of the time. The Dutch Republic was a major economic power, heavily reliant on maritime trade. Paintings like this were not just aesthetic objects; they were visual reminders of the nation's dependence on, and struggle against, the natural world. To understand this work, consider the historical and economic context of the Dutch Golden Age. Researching the maritime history of the Netherlands and the role of the sea in Dutch identity will certainly enrich your appreciation of this painting.