A christian martyr before 1872

This photogravure, “A Christian Martyr,” was made by an anonymous artist. The process of photogravure, which emerged in the 19th century, combines photography and etching. A photographic image is transferred onto a metal plate, which is then etched with acid to create an image capable of being printed. Looking closely, you can see the subtle tonal gradations achieved through this laborious process. The result is a high-quality print with rich detail and a continuous tone, similar to a photograph. This technique also suggests a complex social context. Photogravure allowed for the wider circulation of images, making art more accessible. But the labor-intensive process would have involved skilled workers, a world away from the Roman arena represented in the scene. Considering the relationship between this historical subject matter and the modern means of its production allows us to see how different eras are layered within the object. It encourages us to reconsider the distinctions between fine art and craft.