Studies for the Transfiguration 

Raphael made these Studies for the Transfiguration as preparatory sketches for his painting of the same name. The painting, commissioned by Cardinal Giulio de Medici, was made in Rome during the early 16th century. The cultural and institutional context is important for understanding the artwork. Raphael's mastery of disegno, or drawing, was prized during the High Renaissance in Italy. Academies taught that this skill set was the foundation of all the arts. Here, we see the Renaissance emphasis on preparatory studies and close observation. Raphael has captured a range of emotions and expressions, highlighting his skill in depicting human anatomy and psychology. The Catholic church was a major patron of the arts during this period, and artists were expected to create works that glorified the church and its teachings. Raphael's art served to reinforce the cultural and religious values of his time. To further explore the social and institutional context of this piece, one might research the patronage system of the Renaissance, the role of the Catholic Church in the arts, and the development of artistic academies.