Studies of hands for the painting ‘The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary’ 1864

Józef Simmler made this study of hands for his painting ‘The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary’ in the mid-19th century. Simmler, who lived during a time of national partitions, often explored themes that resonated with Polish identity and history. Here, various hand positions come together to represent an idealized vision of femininity and purity embodied by the Virgin Mary. Notice how each hand is rendered with soft lines, conveying gentleness and grace. The hands clasped in prayer represent piety, while the open, gesturing hands seem to be reaching out in supplication. This depiction of the Virgin Mary aligns with traditional views of women as symbols of morality. The emphasis on Mary's purity and her role as a divine mother reinforces patriarchal structures. Yet, by focusing on the emotional and spiritual dimensions of her figure, Simmler invites viewers to contemplate the complexities of faith, identity, and womanhood. How does this image make you feel?