Portret van Pjotr Aleksandrovitsj Roemjantsev-Zadoenajski 1798

This print of Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky was made by James Walker, using mezzotint. This technique involves roughening the entire plate, then selectively burnishing areas to create lighter tones, offering rich tonal gradations. The labor-intensive process of mezzotint reflects the status of portraiture in the 18th century as a luxury commodity. The technique allowed for the relatively easy reproduction of images for a growing market of collectors. Consider the way the very qualities of mezzotint—its velvety blacks and subtle gradations of tone—lend an air of refinement to the image. The print medium itself speaks to broader issues of social class. Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky's armor, fur coat, and elaborate wig denote wealth and power, but also a sense of performative identity. These garments were produced by skilled artisans. Walker’s print translates the General’s status into a commodity available for purchase, a reflection of emerging consumer culture. Paying attention to materials, making, and context helps us understand the full meaning of the artwork, challenging traditional distinctions between fine art and craft.