Ladies of Arles (Memories of the Garden at Etten) 1888

Vincent van Gogh painted "Ladies of Arles" using oil on canvas. Here, we see the imprint of memory—specifically, memories of women from Van Gogh's past. Painted while he was voluntarily hospitalized, we see Van Gogh attempting to reconcile his feelings for women against the backdrop of societal expectations of gender roles. Note the subjects’ traditional garb, which speaks to the limitations placed on women. At the time the painting was created, women were expected to occupy domestic roles; they were often excluded from the public sphere. While the artist has always been known for his unique use of color, his inclusion of unconventional shades in his subjects’ faces develops alternative narratives which speak to the emotional and psychological complexities of gender and identity. Van Gogh’s inclusion of these women is a statement of the importance of recognizing and respecting the roles women play in society. Though the painting reflects societal issues, it also speaks to the profound personal connection Van Gogh felt toward the women who shaped his life.