Vier portretten van Zwitserse politici 1768 - 1817

This is Johann Heinrich Lips' "Vier portretten van Zwitserse politici," a black chalk drawing printed on paper, made around 1780. The composition is immediately striking: four oval portraits arranged in a tight square. This geometric organization lends a sense of order, but the subtle differences in each portrait—in dress, hairstyle, and expression—hint at individuality within the group. The use of line and shading creates depth and texture, emphasizing the distinct features of each subject. Note how Lips employs hatching and stippling to model form, capturing the nuances of light and shadow on the faces. This technique not only conveys a sense of realism but also highlights the unique character of each politician. The grid-like structure suggests an Enlightenment-era impulse to classify and organize, yet the inherent individuality resists such simple categorization. Consider how Lips uses form to negotiate between collective identity and individual distinction, reflecting broader themes of representation and power during this period.