William III (1650-1702), Prince of Orange and since 1689, King of England 1670 - 1733

Caspar Netscher painted this portrait of William III, Prince of Orange, in the Dutch Republic, probably in the 1670s or 80s. It presents a man of action and authority. The imagery works through visual codes that would have been familiar to the Dutch elite. We see William in full armour, a symbol of military might. The battle raging in the background reinforces this sense of power. But the trappings of wealth are also on display. William’s lace collar and flowing locks show he is every inch a nobleman. The picture would have been commissioned to enhance William’s status, a vital tool in the power struggles of the time. Netscher's portrait testifies to the intertwined nature of politics, social class, and artistic patronage. Investigating sources, such as letters, diaries, and financial records, helps historians reveal the complex social conditions that shaped the making – and the meaning – of art.