Decapitation of a Female Martyr (Saint Catherine of Alexandria?) 1600 - 1700

This drawing, of unknown date and artist, depicts the beheading of a saint, possibly Saint Catherine of Alexandria, rendered in pen and brown ink. Notice how the composition is structured around a central diagonal line, from the executioner's hat to the lower right corner, creating a dynamic sense of drama. The use of hatching and cross-hatching defines the forms, giving volume to the figures and depth to the scene, yet the absence of strong tonal contrasts keeps the image from being overly graphic. The semiotic elements are striking. The angel hovering above signals divine acceptance, while the palm frond at the right is a traditional symbol of martyrdom. Consider, though, the executioner's gaze turned away from his act and his soft features. It destabilizes the typical representation of a brutal executioner, opening up questions about culpability and obedience. These formal qualities prompt us to reflect on the complexities of religious martyrdom and the psychological dimensions of violence. The drawing engages with themes of power, faith, and sacrifice.