Monkey Hanging from a Branch Possibly 1770

Maruyama Ōkyo painted this hanging scroll, showing a monkey clinging to a snowy branch, using ink and color on paper. Ōkyo was a master of observational painting, aiming for naturalism through careful study. Consider the texture of the monkey’s fur, achieved with controlled brushstrokes, and the subtle gradations of ink wash that suggest depth and form. The work involved not only technical skill, but also keen attention to the animal’s anatomy and behavior. Ōkyo's emphasis on realism broke with traditional styles, aligning with the growing interest in empirical observation during the Edo period. It's easy to think of this work as simply a depiction of nature, but it also reflects broader social trends. The demand for realistic paintings coincided with the rise of a merchant class, who valued novelty and direct observation. So, next time you see a work like this, remember that it’s not just about what’s depicted, but also about how it was made, and why.