Keokuk's Son, Sac & Fox, from the American Indian Chiefs series (N36) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes 1888

This chromolithograph of Keokuk's Son, Sac & Fox, comes from the American Indian Chiefs series for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes. The composition is structured around three distinct panels, each containing an assortment of objects, colours and symbols relating to the sitter. The central portrait is strikingly rendered with detailed facial markings. To the sides, the panels are densely packed with cultural artifacts like spears, bows, and ceremonial objects. The lithographic technique allows for precise detailing, seen particularly in the textures and patterns of the clothing and accessories. The palette favours earth tones accented with pops of blue and red, creating a vivid contrast. This contrast and arrangement of elements invite a semiotic reading of cultural identity and representation, particularly how these were coded and marketed in the late 19th century.