The Submersion of Pharaoh's Army in the Red Sea c. 1515 - 1549

This etching by Titian, made sometime in the 16th century, depicts a scene of chaos and divine retribution: the moment when Pharaoh's army is swallowed by the Red Sea. The image, with its swirling lines and dramatic composition, vividly conveys the power of God and the futility of resisting divine will. Created in Venice, a city with strong ties to both classical and biblical traditions, it reflects the religious fervor of the time. Consider Venice’s place as a powerful trading hub between East and West. Venice was not only a centre for artistic innovation, it was also a commercial capital whose political class was highly concerned with its place in the world. The story of the Exodus would have resonated in a culture where many people felt threatened by more powerful forces. Titian, like many artists of his era, drew inspiration from the Bible, using art to convey moral and religious messages. As historians, we delve into the cultural and religious context of the time, examining biblical interpretations, artistic conventions, and social attitudes. Understanding the image means understanding its function within a complex web of religious belief, political maneuvering, and artistic expression.