The Four Accomplishments [left of a pair] c. 19th century

This six-panel screen painting called 'The Four Accomplishments' was made by Shibata Zeshin in Japan, though the date is unknown. The screen depicts a group of figures engaged in traditional pastimes. During the Edo and Meiji periods, cultural pursuits like music, games, and conversation were highly valued, especially among the elite. The gold background suggests wealth and status, reflecting the patronage system where artists relied on the support of the ruling class. Zeshin's work provides commentary on the social structures of his time, celebrating the refined leisure activities of the upper classes. Further understanding of this painting requires studying the social history of Japan's Edo and Meiji periods. Examining period documents, literature, and other artworks can reveal the values and norms that shaped artistic production. Appreciating art is also about understanding its social and institutional context.