Portrait of Catherine II as Legislator in the Temple of the Goddess of Justice 1782

Dmitry Levitzky painted this portrait of Catherine II as Legislator, and we can see how the cool, pale tones contrast with the deep reds and oranges, creating a play of light and shadow that gives the painting depth. The composition presents Catherine within a symbolic space—the Temple of Justice. Now, observe how the painting destabilizes traditional portraiture. Catherine isn’t depicted in opulent royal attire, but in simpler, classical garments. This stylistic choice reflects Enlightenment ideals, suggesting a break from the traditional representation of power. Furthermore, the burning of legal papers at the altar can be interpreted as a powerful semiotic gesture. It symbolizes her efforts to create new, enlightened laws for Russia, challenging fixed notions of justice and governance. Through these formal and symbolic elements, Levitzky’s portrait invites ongoing interpretation, positioning Catherine within a larger discourse of power and reform.