Oak Trees by a Pond 1643 - 1682

This small painting was made by Jacob van Ruisdael, using oil paint on wood, a traditional support for artworks at the time. Look closely, and you can see how the artist built up the image with layers of brushstrokes. Note the thickness of the paint, particularly in the sky and foliage, and how this evokes a sense of depth and texture. The dark tonality suggests the artist used earth pigments. The choice of materials and techniques speaks to the cultural context of the Dutch Golden Age. At this time, there was a growing merchant class. Patrons purchased landscapes like this one, which offered idealized views of the Dutch countryside, and the kind of unexploited resources that supported the national economy. Considering the relationship between art, labor, and nature, it's hard not to see these painted trees as a form of wealth creation. Understanding the materials, making, and social context allows us to consider the complex relationship between art and society.