Portret van Armand-Jean du Plessis, hertog van Richelieu 1634

Hendrick Hondius I created this portrait of Armand-Jean du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu, in 1634 using engraving techniques. The composition is dominated by a tightly framed oval, within which the figure of Richelieu emerges with remarkable detail. The formal structure of the portrait relies on stark contrasts between light and shadow to define Richelieu's features and clothing. Notice how the engraver uses the precision of line and texture to articulate the sitter's expression. There is a certain austerity, capturing not just likeness, but also an implied sense of the Cardinal’s authority. Consider the semiotic implications of the oval frame, which isolates Richelieu, underscoring his status as a figure set apart from the everyday. Hondius has carefully structured the visual elements to project an image of control and power that reflect the social and political context of the time. The portrait destabilizes any familiar and established meanings through the sitter's gaze as if to suggest his awareness of the complexities inherent to his high position.