Untitled c. 19th century

William B. Closson created this engraving, sometime around the turn of the 20th century. At first glance, it’s a simple scene: a man sits at a table with a drink. But consider the social context. Images like these played a crucial role in shaping perceptions of masculinity and class. Closson, trained in Paris, would have been aware of Impressionism, but this is far more conservative. The engraving technique lends itself to crisp lines and detailed textures, which were highly valued in academic art of the time. The man’s posture, his clothing, and the objects on the table all speak to a specific ideal of middle-class leisure and intellectualism. To truly understand this work, we must delve into the visual culture of its time. Periodicals, advertisements, and popular literature would offer further clues. By examining these resources, we can better understand the role of art in reinforcing social norms. This image offers a window into a bygone era, inviting us to consider the values and aspirations of its intended audience.