Adoration of the Shepherds 1650

Jusepe de Ribera rendered this Adoration of the Shepherds in oil paint, a versatile medium that allowed him to capture the scene's drama. Ribera's application of paint, particularly his dramatic use of light and shadow – known as tenebrism – enhances the realism of the scene. The roughness of the shepherd's garments, the weathered faces, and the coarse texture of the wooden structure are all vividly portrayed, conveying the everyday reality of labor. The artist's skill in depicting various textures and materials is evident, drawing viewers into the scene. However, the work also raises broader questions about labor, politics, and consumption. Ribera's emphasis on the working class invites viewers to reflect on the social context of his time. How does the act of artistic creation intersect with the modes of production? And how do issues like labor and class appear in the artwork? Considering the materials, making, and context is essential for understanding the full meaning of an artwork, challenging traditional distinctions between fine art and craft.