The First Parliament in Łęczyca, from the series “History of Civilization in Poland” 1888

Jan Matejko painted ‘The First Parliament in Łęczyca’ as part of his “History of Civilization in Poland” series, capturing a bustling, ornate chamber filled with figures rendered in rich earth tones. The composition is dense, using the architectural arches and varied textures of clothing to create a visually complex scene. The materiality of the paint application, with visible brushstrokes, adds to the overall sense of dynamic activity and historical weight. Matejko’s piece can be interpreted through the lens of structuralism, focusing on the underlying systems that communicate meaning. The arrangement of figures and objects isn't random, but is rather designed to emphasize power dynamics and social hierarchies. Each detail, from the emblems on the banners to the attire of the individuals, serves as a signifier. This artwork doesn’t just represent a historical event; it also invites us to consider how historical narratives are constructed through visual codes. The painting, in its visual language, prompts ongoing interpretation and re-evaluation of Poland’s historical and cultural identity.