Madonna and Child on a throne (Front side fragment) 1311

This fragment of a larger panel depicting the Madonna and Child on a Throne was made by Duccio in Siena, Italy, using tempera on wood. The smooth surface and vibrant colors are characteristic of tempera, where pigments are bound with egg yolk. Notice how Duccio has used the materials to create a sense of depth and realism, with delicate shading and subtle highlights. The gold leaf, applied meticulously, provides a luminous backdrop, elevating the figures to a divine realm. Beyond the painting’s aesthetic qualities, this work speaks to the skilled traditions of early Renaissance art, as well as the religious context of the period. It required a collaborative studio environment, where apprentices would assist in the preparation of materials. By attending to the materials and processes used to create this artwork, we can appreciate the artist’s skill, and the social and cultural values embedded within it.