Virgin and Child with Infant St. John the Baptist and a Female Saint 1540 - 1560

This pen and ink drawing was made by Battista Franco in Italy during the 16th century. It depicts the Virgin Mary with the infant Christ, accompanied by Saint John the Baptist and another female saint, and it reveals the religious culture of the time. As a preparatory sketch, it offers insight into the artistic process within the institutions of Renaissance workshops, particularly how established models and conventions were re-interpreted. Notice how Franco uses the figures to explore ideas about family, divinity, and sainthood, reflecting the social values of the time. The drawing’s formal qualities are revealing; the delicate lines and careful arrangement of figures suggest a thoughtful approach to composition, typical of the period. Understanding this work involves considering the religious and social context in which it was created. Research into contemporary religious practices, artistic training, and the patronage system can provide a deeper appreciation of its cultural significance. By studying such artworks, historians can uncover the complex interplay between art, society, and belief.