Portrait of Christian IV, King of Denmark 1604 - 1608

Jan Muller created this engraving of Christian IV, King of Denmark, during a time when royal portraiture was carefully constructed to project power and legitimacy. Consider the image as a statement of identity, both personal and national. Christian IV's regal bearing is framed by symbols of authority. Note the crown above his head and the Latin inscriptions celebrating his reign over Denmark, Norway, and the Goths and Vandals, evoking a connection to ancient warrior traditions. The figures surrounding the central portrait, some bearing weapons, suggest strength and protection, reinforcing the idea of a ruler safeguarding his realm. But what does it mean to perform power? In a society deeply stratified by class, gender, and religion, images like these helped solidify a ruler’s position, constructing a narrative of divine right and inherent superiority. They provided a template for understanding and accepting social hierarchy. Reflect on how this image, while specific to its time, mirrors the ways leaders continue to use visual media to shape public perception and reinforce their authority.