Gorilla 1938

John B. Flannagan made this sculpture of a Gorilla from sandstone at an unknown date. It invites us to consider the evolving role of animal representation in early 20th-century American art. Flannagan was part of a generation of artists who turned away from academic traditions in favor of more direct and simplified forms. During this period, the image of the gorilla was potent. It was frequently used in popular culture to embody primal instincts and untamed nature. Flannagan’s Gorilla presents a more introspective view. Its hunched posture and contemplative expression suggest a being caught between worlds. We might consider this work in light of debates around evolution and humanity’s place in the natural order. The early 20th century saw both growing scientific understanding of the natural world and continued exploitation. We can use the resources of social and cultural history to better understand the complex, often contradictory ways we represent the animal kingdom. In doing so, we reveal our own values and anxieties.