Henri II, Duc de Nemours 1652

Robert Nanteuil made this engraving of Henri II, Duc de Nemours, in France during the 17th century. The image creates meaning through visual codes and historical associations typical of the time. Consider the oval frame, a conventional format for portraiture that announces this man’s status and position. The Duke of Nemours is depicted with carefully curled hair, wearing a decorative cloak, an elaborate cross and a knotted tie, all visual signifiers of wealth and nobility. France at this time was a society of strict social hierarchy. It was only possible for individuals to gain prestige through the church, the military, or the court. The Duke belonged to one of France’s most powerful aristocratic families, who were deeply involved in the court of Louis XIV. To understand this image better, we can research details of dress codes, aristocratic lineages, and the prints market of the period. The meaning of this artwork is contingent on its social and institutional context.