Modern Genji – Firefly Viewing (Imayō genji shiken hotaru asobi) 1861

Toyohara Kunichika made this woodblock print, “Modern Genji – Firefly Viewing”, in nineteenth-century Japan. The process of making these prints was highly collaborative, involving the artist, a block carver, a printer, and the publisher, each contributing specialized skills to create the final image. The key block was carved first and used to print the outline. Then, additional blocks were carved for each color, with the printer carefully layering the colors to achieve the desired effect. The texture of the paper and the layering of ink create depth and nuance, from the soft glow of the fireflies to the intricate patterns of the Genji's robe. The registration marks, visible at the bottom, are evidence of the labor and meticulousness involved in the printmaking process, hinting at the intensive division of labor prevalent at that time. Paying close attention to materials, making, and context allows a greater understanding of the cultural values embedded in the image. It challenges the traditional distinctions between commercial and fine art, revealing the artistic and social complexities of ukiyo-e prints.