Layla Visiting Majnun in the Desert, page from a copy of the Khamsa of Nizami Safavid dynasty (1501–1722), 16th century

This small, undated painting illustrates a scene from a copy of the Khamsa of Nizami. It depicts Layla Visiting Majnun in the Desert. The story of Layla and Majnun was a popular Persian love story. Consider the way the image represents the ideal of feminine beauty and the constraints placed upon women in Persian society. Layla is portrayed as a figure of grace and poise, adorned in fine clothing. Yet she is unable to unite with her beloved because of social expectations. Majnun, in contrast, is half naked, disheveled and surrounded by wild animals. He has lost his mind because of his love for Layla. The visual contrast emphasizes the different roles and expectations assigned to men and women. The painting invites us to consider the cultural values and beliefs that shape our understanding of love, desire, and the individual's place in society. It shows the power of social norms and their impact on personal identity and emotional expression.